HOW MUCH ICE IS THERE ON EARTH?

About one-tenth of Earth's land surface is covered in ice. Built up over thousands of years, most ice occurs in thick ice sheets that cap the land at the North and South Poles. Ice also tops the peaks of high mountains, and rivers of ice called glaciers gouge deep valleys in polar and mountain regions.

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WHAT STARTED THE AGE OF DISCOVERY?

The desire of European merchants to control the trade in luxury goods from Asia- silk, cotton, and spices- combined with the technology advances in shipbuilding and navigation led to a wave of long-distance voyages of exploration that redrew the map of the globe between the 15th and 18th centuries.

WHY IS BLOOD RED?

Blood is red because most of its cells are packed with a red-substance called haemoglobin. Using this, the red blood cells pick up vital oxygen and deliver it to the body's cells. To achieve this and other roles, such as removing waste, blood is pumped along blood vessels by the heart.

How dry is a desert?

The dry conditions in the deserts occur due to the lack of rain and snow, which is usually less than 25cm (9.8 in) in a year. The driest desert on Earth is the Atacama, Chile, where in many parts there has not been any rainfall in living memory. Hot desert are found close to the tropics, where the Sun's rays are strongest. Hot desert are freezing at night because there are no clouds to trap the Earth's heat.

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